The Book of Daniel is found in the Ketuvim (Writings) or the third section of the Hebrew scriptures or in the Prophets of Old Testament of the Bible. It details the events of the prophet Daniel and the various kings that he served under during the Babylonian Exile of the Jews, between 597 B.C and 538 B.C. During this time Daniel served under five different kings (Nebuchadnezzar, Merodach, Belshazzar, Darius, and Cyrus). The book is written in two languages. It starts with Hebrew then in the second to seventh chapters it is written in Aramaic, and then it finishes the final chapters in Hebrew. This is quite telling considering the story begins in Jerusalem, then moves to Babylon, and ends with the Jews returning to Jerusalem. The first 6 chapters contain the accounts of the experiences of Daniel under the first four kings shows Daniel’s faithfulness to God and the influence that he has with the kings because of God. He excels in training, teaching, and in dream interpretation. God delivers him and his faithful friends from death and persecutions. The second half of the book primarily deals with the apocalyptic visions of Daniel and give insight into the period called the 70 weeks of Daniel.
Many see the book of Daniel as a call to faithfulness on part of the people of God. However, it is much more than that. It is an instruction an example of how to be faithful to God in heart and purpose. Daniel and his friends who us what faithfulness looks like, what it feels like, and the source of how to be faithful. This is because the main theme in Daniel is not the faithfulness of Daniel and his friends, but in the sovereignty and faithfulness of God. The faithfulness of God is seen throughout this book; it is in the fiery furnace, the lion’s den, the fulfilment of the prophecies and the predictions of the future Messiah. We see the faithfulness and sovereignty of God in the day-to-day affairs of the Israelites under captivity. We understand that Daniel, Shadrach, Meshack, and Abednego all trusted in the faithfulness of God. They learned this faithfulness from their previous study of God’s Word and the examples of the faithfulness of their own parents.
Unlike other books of the Old Testament, there is no call for repentance from Israel echoing from its verses. Instead, Daniel is concerned with consistency in faithfulness among the believers in Jehovah. Obedience is what God desires, and Daniel is the teacher on this point. Scripture makes a minimum of 38 references to God preferring obedience over any other form of worship. Obedience is required whether under the Law or under Grace. Moses said that to live under the commandments is to be obedient to the Law. Paul and James say that to submit to Grace is to be obedient to the will of God in Christ. 1 Samuel 15:22 tells us that, “to obey is better than sacrifice”. Jesus said, “If ye love me, keep my commandments.” (John 14:15) Grant it that Jesus was still talking to Jews. However, he was looking forward to after his resurrection, when the Holy Spirit would be given. Jesus was looking forward to the dispensation of Grace through his blood sacrifice. See. Romans 5:19. Paul even adds, “Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?” (Romans 6:16). Obedience is therefore a demonstration of faith, we call that faithfulness. Therefore, faithfulness (obedience) is a demonstration of faith. Grace must be received in faith, because we who are sinful cannot produce righteousness of ourselves. Grace is a gift from God. Obedience through faith is an acknowledgement of that gift. (Ephesians 2:8-9)
This book is unique in another way, it is the only Old Testament book that is written completely in apocalyptic language. This makes this book an essential part of any study of the end times and especially the study of the Revelation of Jesus Christ written by John the Apostle. As part of the eschatology of Daniel we see the main theology of the sovereignty of God throughout time, from everlasting to everlasting and the outline of how God will be faithful to his promise to redeem Adam.
The everlasting Kingdom of God, ruled at the hands of his Son as conqueror and King of Kings will subjugate and replace the earthy rulers and worldly powers and bring about his millennial kingdom; and a new heavens and a new earth.
Scholars identify four themes found in this book. They consist of: The Sovereignty of God; The Pride of Man; The Coming of the Messiah; and The Ultimate Victory of God. This book is filled with all kinds of hidden gems. For example, we get a glimpse of God’s plan to redeem the gentiles in the redemption of Nebuchadnezzar after his repentance. Therefore, we find in this text that God is not just the God of Israel, but of the whole world. He is ultimately the God who rules the nations, and who formed the whole of Creation.
Key People in Daniel
- Daniel the author and prophet
- The Five Kings (Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Darius, Cyrus)
- Shadrach, Meshack, Abednego
- The Angel Gabriel
- The wisemen and officials to the kings
In the KJV there are:
- 12 Chapters
- 357 Verses
- 11,602 Words
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